Swaging apparatus



SWAGING APPARATUS Filed Dec. l5 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet l June l2, E923.- L45294 H. c. HOOK SWAGI NG APPARATUS Filed Dec. l5 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 12, 31923. n BAEEQ Y H. C. HOK

swAGING APPARATUS Filed Dec. l5 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Illll lll;

i I f retenait am@ te, ieee.

narran stares HENRY C. HOOK, 0F WINDSOJRQIVEONT, SSEGNOR, BY MESNE MSIGNMENTS, 20

MUMINUM MANUFACTUBES, INC/ORPDTED, 0.1? CLEVELAND,

113113111 0F DELAWE.

kSti

Be it"-known that ll, HENRY C'. Hoon, a citizen of tlie United States, residing at Windsor, in the countyof Windsor, State of Vermont, have invented a certainnew and useful Improvement in Swaging Apparatus,

of which. the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings. i

This invention relates to apparatus for compressing metallic articles and is especially concerned with apparatus for swaging tubular' bearing blanks.

Vproved apparatus for densifying and compressing the metallic structure of bearings'.

Another object is to construct new and improved apparatus for cold workingbearings and producing a permanent set there in, as a step intheir manufacture.

With these and other objects as will be pointed out, in view, l will now for purpose of illustration describe my invention as embodied in a preferred form of apparatus reference being made in the following specification to the accompanying drawings forma part thereof. e Fig. 1 is a front elevation of my preferred form of swaging apparatus, parts being shown in section and other parts being broken away.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. but with the moving parts represented as at the end of the stroke opposite that shown in Fig. 1,

preferred form of sw all press .parts having been omitted. Fig. 3 1s a sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2. ,Y

Fi 4 is a top plan view ...of the upper mem r or plate.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged side elevation or the 'ng punch.

Figs. 6 and 7 are side elevations respectively of a bearing before and after swaging in the die shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

intatte earner raten.

swan-Ine erranarns.

Application filed December 15, 192.0. Serial No. 430,901..

F ig. 8 is a side elevation of the swaged bearing machined to linished size.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional view of amodihed form-of che.

Figs 10, 11 and 12 are views similar to Figs.' 6, 7 and 8 of a bearing designed for and swaged in the die shown in Fig. 7.

ln the drawings, 1 designates the bolster plate of an ordinary punch press, which also. has uprights@ with guide portions 3, and a reciprocating head 4l. Mounted yupon bolster plate 1 is a swaging nature 5 comprising'a body 6 and a plate 7. The body 6 which lmay be made or1 cast iron has a plurality of vertical circular openings, extending entirely therethrough.

The two openings 8 and the three openings 9 are provided with antiiriction bearings 10 and 11 pressed in or otheise suitably secured therein. Within these been ings, rods 12 and plungers 13 respectively have sliding engagement.

rlhe rods and plungers, which have shoulders 12a and 13a respectively formed for enonto.' .a conronaplate 7 by light pressed hte and by nuts l@ Y and 17 respectively which thread on the ends of the rods and plungers and clamp the plate ainst the shoulders. 1n this manner the plate 7, rods 12 and plungers loperate as a unit.

The tree ends et the rods 12 are headed l as at 18 tor engagement with an inwardly extending shoulder or stop 19 in opening 8 whereby the upward movement of the rod and consequently of the plate 7 is limited. lin-the apparatus shown a dange 20 formed at the end ot the bearing 10 is :wed between the. shoulder 19 and head 18 to cushion the contact between the h and shoulder. A coiled' spring 21 encircling rod 12 serves to absorb some or the shock caused by contact oi parte of the plate 7with p of the body 6 and to maintain plate 7 nor mally out ot' contact with body 6. 1

Plungers 13 have a close, substantially-air tight, sliding ht in bearings 11.. The op= posite open ends et openi 9 are closed with plugs 22 having substantially air tight threaded. engagement wit the en.;

thus converting them into closed chambers. Near the lower end of each such chamber connection is made4 thru openings 23 and stantially horizontal supporting' ledge 29 as is clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Upon this ledge 29, bearing blanks 30, Fig. 2 are supported during swaging operations.

Directly opposite die 26 and similarly secured in the opening 31 of plate 7 by bolts 32 is a compression die 33 adapted to engage with the end of bearing blank and compress it lengthwise indie 26. This action takes place only near the low-er end of the stroke of plate 7 as is seen in' Fig. 2.

Above plate 7 and secured to the reciprocating head 4 0f the press is attached a swaging punch 35 provided with an enlvarged shank portion 36 having wrench engaging flat surfaces 36a and a reduced portion 37. lThe punch is formed with an enlarged shank 36 and a smaller portion 37 made up of three portions 38, 39 and 40. Portion 38 which constitutes the end of the punch has a tapered outer surface 41. The end surface 42 of the punch being concave forms a circular cutting edge 43 where yit meets the outer surface 41, the function of the cutting edge being to remove metal, sand, etc., from the' bore of bearing blanks 30. The tapered surface 41 merges into the cylindrical surface 44 of portion 39. The portion 4() which is of slightly smaller diameter than port-ion 39, forms an appreciable shoulder 45 at its junction with portion 39.

In operation, as the press head 4 moves to the upper end of its stroke it carries punch 35 out of contact with plate 7 and die 33 while fluid pressure exerted upon plungers 13 raises plates 7 to the position shown iu Fig. l. Downward movement of head 4 causes contact of the enlarged portion 36 of punch 35 with die 33. thus carrying plate 7 down against the fluid pressure'in cylinders 9 and bringing portion 37 of punch 35 into engagement with blank 30 in die 26. Cutting edge 43 removes sand and scale from the bore of the blank and a layer of metal of a thickness dependent upon the relative sizes of the punch and bore of the blank. The tapering walls 41 expand the blank radially outward and to some extent cause a lengthwise flow of the metal of the blank. Cylindrical portion 39 with its wall 44 compress Y the blank against the sustaining walls 28 and 29 of the die 26, and tend to give the blank a permanent size and deformation.\ Flash, or excess metal in the form of fins is formed on the lower end of the blank and may be formed on the upper end depending upon the relative sizes of punch and blank;

The length of punch 35 is such that when the portion 39 has passed thru the blank t-hc compression die 33 may engage with the blank and force it down into die 26. This compression tends to decrease the bore of the blank so that together with the contraction due to the elasticity of the metal, the blank seats on shoulder 45 and fits closely enough to portion 40 of the punch to be lifted from the die when the press, on its upward stroke, removes the punch from the die, The blank is stripped from the punchby die 33 when plate 7 reaches the upper end of its stroke. Another blank may be inserted in die 26 before the punch again descends.

In Figs. 6, 7, and 8, I have illustrated three stages in the manufacture of bearings by my process. Fig. 6 shows a blank as cast, or cast and treated preparatory to swaging. Fig. 7 shows the blank after swaging, the outer diameter being enlarged by the punch and the bore being cleaned' out and enlarged by the punch. Fig. 8 represents the blank after the bore, exterior and ends have been machined to finished dimen' sions.

It will be noted that the die has approximately'the same diameter at the top as the larger end of the blank, thus providing a support for the blank in the first stages of the swaging operation and thereby preventing cracking or breakage of the blank. With the exception of the top of the die, its diameter is slightly greater than that ofthe blank to provide for radially outward expansion of the blank.

A comparison of the dimensions of` the blank in Figs. 6 and 7 shows that the blank as cast is' compressed lengthwise and expanded radially outward at substantially all points except at the larger end. The expanfV sionis however not great. The bore of the cast blank, Fig. 6 has been enlarged during swaging as shown in Fig. 7, due in part to removal of material by the cutting edge of the punch and in part to outward expansion ofthe blank bythe punch. It will be notedy that the expansion caused by the punch is much greater than is provided for by the size of the die, thev result being a considerable compression of the metal of the blank.

After swaging 4only light cuts: of metal from the exterior and interior surfaces are necessary to bring the bearing to finished dimensions.

In Fig. 9 I have shown a modified form of die designed for bearings having a Harige at one end. This die 50 has holes 51 for recaen@ engagement withlbolts 27 Ato secure \it `in body 5. rllhe bored`-.opening 52 is formed with a bottom Wall 53 for supporting a blank and tapered side walls 54, the bottom and side walls being connected by a short inclined wall 55 which forms a chamfered or beveled surface on the bearing blank. At the top of opening 52 an enlargement 56 is formed in which a correspondingly shaped flange on the blank is-adapted to seat and be shaped.

Figs.` l0, 11, and 12 are views similar to Figs. 6, 7 ,and 8 but illustrating the form ofbearingprodu'ced in the modified die.

A p unch similar to that shown in F ig. 5 may be employed with this modified die and bearing.

lt will be noted that the form of' bearing here shown does not lit so closely in the die before swaging as in the preceding case, the strengthening Hange apparently affordingsome support to the blank which in the preceeding illustration was provided entirely by the die walls and thus preventing breakage due to swaging.

The dimensions of outside diameter and bore of the cast blank and the swaged blank respectively indicatethat the metal of the blank has been compressed .considerably by the punch.

lt will be understood that all of the di-` mensions are given by Way 'of illustration and that changes in any or all of them asv may be necessary or advisable'withthese or other forms of bearings are comprehended by my invention. Furthermore although l have described a specific form Vof apparatus l do not wish to have my invention limited thereto the scope of my invention being defined by what is claimed. v

What isl claimed: f

l. ln an apparatus for swaging tubular articles in combination with a die having downwardly tapered sidewalls and a bottom. wall adapted to support a tubular article, of a punch having an enlarged portion adapted to cause radial expansion of a tubular article in the die, and a shoulder adapted to remove' vsaid, article from the die. l

'2. ln an apparatus for svi/agingtubular articles in combination with a die having side-'and bottom walls adapted to support f a tapered tubular article, a punch, having support a tapered tubular article for a swag'-` ing operation, a punch, having a cutting edge formed 'at one end thereof and adapted to remove material fromvthe boreof a tubus lar article in the said die, ari-enlarged porpression force on the said tubular article while the latter is in the said female die, the said swaging punch being adapted to bring the said compression die into engagement with the said tubular article subsequent to engagement therewith of the swaging punch.

5. ln an apparatusdfor swaging tubular articles in combination with a body member having. a female diev adapteddto support a tubular article, a plate movably secured to.

the body member, a compression die-carried thereby and vadapted to engage a tubular article in the'said die, and a-swaging punch adapted to enter the bore of the said tubular article, the swaging punch having an enlarged portion remote from the free end thereof, the said enlargement being adapted to move the compression die into engagement with the said tubular article while the latter is in the female die, and subsequent to the engagement of -the swaging pilnch .with ythe said article.

6. lin an apparatus for swaging tubular articles in combinationwith a body member having a female die adapted to supporta tubular article, aplate movably secured to thepbody member, an annular compression die carried thereby and adapted to engage a tubular article in the said die, and a swaging punch comprising a portion adapted to pass .through the said annular compression die and to enter the bore of the said tubular article, and an enlarged portion adapted to bring .the said annular compression dieinto engagement with the said tubular article in the female-diev subsequent to the engagement therewith of the, swaging punch. i 7'. ln an apparatus for making tubular bearings composedof antifriction metal the combination of a punch and die, the said die being adapted to support -ytubular .bearings against lengthwise and radially outward pressure and the said punch being adapted to enter the bore of the bearing, to force the metal of the bearing against the die, and to remove the bearing from the die N 8. ltn an apparatus for densifying the-metallic structure .of the tubular bearings composed of antifriction metal vin combination, a female die adapted to support the end and side Wall of a tubular bearing, afswaging punch adapted to enter the bore of the bear' ing and to compress the metal of the bearing radially against the side wall ofthe said iis 1 articles in combination, a body member car-- female'die, and a compression die adapted to engage anend ofthe bearing and to compress the bearing against the end yvall of the female die.

9. In an apparatus for 'swaging tubular rying a Work holding die, a plate mounted on the body member for limited movement relative thereto, having an opening therethrough, a swaging punch having a portion adapted to? pass through the said opening and into the work holding die and a portion adapted to actuate the said plate lto cause movement thereof in one direction and pneumatic means for causing movement of the said plate in the opposite direction.y

10. In an apparatus for swaging. tubular` articles in combination, a body member carrying a Work holding die, a perforated plate mounted on the body member for limited,

a tubular article, a perforated plate mount-,

ed for limited movement relative to the body member, a swaging punch having' a portion adapted to pass through an opening in the said plate and into the said tubular article and a second portion adapted toengage With the said plate to cause movement thereof in one direction, means in the said body member and secured to the said plate for limiting movement of the latter relative tol the body member, cylinders in the body member,

plungers slidably mounted in the said cylinders .and secured to the said plate, and fluid means for actuating the plungers to move the said plate away from the body member.

12. In an apparatus for swaging tubular articles in combination, a body member carrying a. die, fluid pressed plungers mounted in the body member, a-plate secured to the said plungers, rods ,slidably mounted in the body member and secured to the said plate and adapted to limit the movement of the plate, a swaging punch adapted to enter the said Vdie and to move the said plate toward the body member, the said plungers being adapted to move the said plate away from the said body.

13. In an apparatus for swaging tubular articles in combination, a body member carrying a die, the die being adapted to receive a tubular article, fluid pressed plungers slidably mounted in the body member, rods mounted -for limited movement in the body member, a perforated plate secured to the said plungers and rods, a swaging punch having a portion adapted to pass through an opening in the said plate and to engage a tubular article in the said die, the plate serving to remove the article from the punch when the latter is being retracted from the said die and plate.

14. In an apparatus for swaging tubular articles in combination, a body member carrying a die, the die being adapted to'receive a tubular article, fluid pressed plungers slidably mounted in the' said body member, rods mounted forv limited movement in the body member, a perforated plate secured to the said plungers and rods and adaptedto engage the tubular article, a swaging punch having a portion adapted to pass through an opening to enter the bore of an article in the die and having also an enlarged portion adapted to engage the said plate and to bring it into engagement With the said tubular article' subsequent to the entry thereinto of the sWaging punch.

15. A punch .for sWaging tubular articles, comprising a concave end surface, a conical surface adjacent thereto, a cutting edge formed at the intersection of the said surfaces, a cylindrical surface adjoining the said conical surface and a second cylindrical surface adjoining and of only slightly smaller diameter.than the first said cylindrical surface.

In testimonywhereof, I hereunto allix my 100 si gnature.

I-IENLRY C. HOOK. 

